These legs were made for propulsion: advancing the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke propulsion deficits

Advances in medical diagnosis and treatment have facilitated the emergence of precision medicine. In contrast, locomotor rehabilitation for individuals with acquired neuromotor injuries remains limited by the dearth of (i) diagnostic approaches that can identify the specific neuromuscular, biomechanical, and clinical deficits underlying impaired locomotion and (ii) evidence-based, targeted treatments. In particular, impaired propulsion by the paretic limb is a major contributor to walking-related disability after stroke; however, few interventions have been able to target deficits in propulsion effectively and in a manner that reduces walking disability. Indeed, the weakness and impaired control that is characteristic of post-stroke hemiparesis leads to heterogeneous deficits that impair paretic propulsion and contribute to a slow, metabolically-expensive, and unstable gait. Current rehabilitation paradigms emphasize the rapid attainment of walking independence, not the restoration of normal propulsion function. Although walking independence is an important goal for stroke survivors, independence achieved via compensatory strategies may prevent the recovery of propulsion needed for the fast, economical, and stable gait that is characteristic of healthy bipedal locomotion. We posit that post-stroke rehabilitation should aim to promote independent walking, in part, through the acquisition of enhanced propulsion. In this expert review, we present the biomechanical and functional consequences of post-stroke propulsion deficits, review advances in our understanding of the nature of post-stroke propulsion impairment, and discuss emerging diagnostic and treatment approaches that have the potential to facilitate new rehabilitation paradigms targeting propulsion restoration.R01 AG067394 - NIA NIH HHS; R01 HD095975 - NICHD NIH HHS; K01 HD079584 - NICHD NIH HHSPublished versio

Establishing between-session reliability of TMS-conditioned soleus H-reflexes

Ekonomski razvoj je neostvariv i nezamisliv bez inovacija i bez poduzetništva. Kako su poduzeća jedan od glavnih pokretača gospodarstva, velikim otvaranjem radnih mjesta te rastom proizvodnje i potrošnje, može se zaključiti da inovacije preko poduzetništva pokreću nacionalno, ali uvelike i svjetsko gospodarstvo. S obzirom na gospodarske krize i loše situacije kao što su uvelike propadanje poduzeća, u Republici Hrvatskoj zadnjih godina dolazi do razvoja poduzetništva, posebice onih manjih za koje je država osigurala posebne potporne institucije, poduzetničke inkubatore, poduzetničke centre poduzetnički centri koji se razvijaju u svim županijama,gradovima i općinama diljem Hrvatske. Ovisno o broju poduzetnika na određenom području kojima su takve usluge potrebne. Također postoje razni natječaji koji sve više pozivaju ljude da postanu poduzetnici i što više pridonesu razvoju zemlje. Važno je napomenuti da banke nude razne kredite za pomoć poduzetnicima, Krediti se izdaju u kunskoj vrijednosti i mogu iznositi od 80.000.00 do 8.000.000.00. Da poduzetnici koriste ove pogodnosti donose brojke u nastavku rada.Economic development is impossible and unthinkable without innovation and without entrepreneurship. As enterprises are one of the main drivers of the economy, with great job creation and growth in production and consumption, it can be concluded that innovation through entrepreneurship drives the national, but to a large extent, the world economy. In view of economic crises and bad situations such as the large-scale decay of enterprises, the Republic of Croatia has been developing entrepreneurship in recent years, especially those smaller ones for which the state has provided special support institutions, entrepreneurial incubators, entrepreneurial centers. all counties, cities and municipalities throughout Croatia. Depending on the number of entrepreneurs in a particular area who need such services There are also various competitions that increasingly invite people to become entrepreneurs and contribute more to the development of the country. It is important to note that banks offer various loans to help entrepreneurs, Loans are issued in kuna value and can range from 80,000.00 to 8,000,000.00. For entrepreneurs to use these benefits, they bring in the numbers below